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Monthly Archives: September 2008
Cisco Nexus 1000v + VMWare
The Nexus 1000V switch is a pure software implementation of a Cisco Nexus switch. It resides on a server and integrates with the hypervisor to deliver VN-Link virtual machine-aware network services.
The Cisco Nexus 1000V switch takes advantage of VMware’s vNetwork Distributed switch framework to offer tightly integrated network services as part of a server virtualization strategy. At the same time, the switch offers operations and management consistency with existing Cisco Nexus and Cisco Catalyst switches.
Cisco VN-Link and the Cisco Nexus 1000V switch provide server virtualization technology to ensure consistent, policy-based network capabilities to all physical or virtual servers in a customer’s data center.
How Citrix Works
Taken from Getting Started With Citrix Presentation Server 4.5.
You publish any given application or content once on the server, but multiple users can simultaneously access the published resources. Application processing on the client is kept to a minimum because the application runs entirely on the server. The ICA protocol sends keystrokes, mouse clicks, and screen updates between the server and the client, so to the user of the client device it appears that the software is running locally.
Because applications run on the server and not on the client device, users can connect from any platform. For example, Microsoft Outlook running as a published application looks and feels the same whether the user is connecting from a Windows CE hand-held computer, a Macintosh desktop, or a Linux workstation. You can control user connections to the server to prevent over-consumption of licenses or server resources.
Trunking and DTP
The way L2 interface becomes trunk or non trunk depends whether we statically configure it or using DTP to dynamically decide. In real world most of people will use trunk or access combined with nonegotiate. However the options are always there. Here are simply the combinations we can have while creating the trunking. The easy way to understand it is to check whether the interface is sending DTP or not.
# switchport mode access
Puts the interface (access port) into permanent nontrunking mode and negotiates to convert the link into a nontrunk link. The interface becomes a nontrunk interface even if the neighboring interface is not a trunk interface.
# switchport mode access # switchport nonegotiate
Prevents the interface from generating DTP frames. You can use this command only when the interface switchport mode is access or trunk. You must manually configure the neighboring interface as a trunk interface if you want to establish a trunk link.
# switchport mode trunk # switchport nonegotiate
Prevents the interface from generating DTP frames. You can use this command only when the interface switchport mode is access or trunk. You must manually configure the neighboring interface as a trunk interface to establish a trunk link. This combination will not send DTP packets and puts the interface into permanent trunk mode no matter whether the neighboring will set to trunk or not.
# switchport mode trunk
Puts the interface into permanent trunking mode and negotiates to convert the link into a trunk link. The interface becomes a trunk interface even if the neighboring interface is not a trunk interface. This combination will send DTP packets and puts the interface becomes a trunk interface even if the neighboring interface is not a trunk interface.
# switchport mode dynamic auto
Set the interface to a trunk link if the neighboring interface is set to trunk or desirable mode. The switchport will not send DTP and will only set the interface to trunk upon receiving DTP packets from its neighbor.
# switchport mode dynamic desirable
Set the interface to a trunk link if the neighboring interface is set to trunk, desirable, or auto mode. The switchport will send DTP and will only set the interface to trunk if neighboring interface will react to DTP packets and set the interface to trunk.
# switchport trunk encapsulation Dot1q
Specifies 802.1Q encapsulation on the trunk link.
# switchport trunk encapsulation isl
Specifies ISL encapsulation on the trunk link.
# switchport trunk encapsulation negotiate
Specifies that the interface negotiate with the neighboring interface to become an ISL (preferred) or 802.1Q trunk, depending on the configuration and capabilities of the neighboring interface.
And below is there default setting to L2 interface.
| Feature | Default Setting |
| Operating Mode | Layer 2 or switching mode (switchport command). |
| Allowed VLAN range | VLANs 1 – 4094. |
| Default VLAN (for access ports) | VLAN 1. |
| Native VLAN (for 802.1Q trunks) | VLAN 1. |
| VLAN trunking | Switchport mode dynamic desirable (supports DTP). |
| Port enable state | All ports are enabled. |
| Port description | None defined. |
| Speed | Autonegotiate. |
| Duplex mode | Autonegotiate. |
| Flow control | Flow control is set to off for receive and desired for send for Gigabit Ethernet ports. For 10/100 Mb/s ports, send is always off. |
| EtherChannel (PAgP) | Disabled on all Ethernet ports. |
| Port blocking (unknown multicast and unknown unicast traffic) | Disabled (not blocked). |
| Broadcast, multicast, and unicast storm control | Disabled. |
| Protected port | Disabled. |
| Port security | Disabled. |
| Port Fast | Disabled. |
Reference
Configuring Interface Characteristics
Cisco Search Failed
What You Choose Defines You
I believe there are always at least two sides of point of views for everything that is happening in our lives. One that can make us moving forward and the other one that makes us not going anywhere. The way we see things, even though what we see are the same, will have a different impact in our lives. What we are seeing will be interpreted differently according to our point of view, thus, our point of view is determined on how we are seeing ourselves.
Few days ago I watched a TV program about 9/11 incident. On this particular program, engineers gathered and investigated the cause of the building collapsed. Obviously, people saw this as catastrophic disaster and blame could be pointed directly to the terrorist and plane that crashed the building. The day I watched the program, I suddenly realized how lucky are those engineers to have an opportunity to investigate this type of disaster which I believe, according to my knowledge, there has been no building collapsed due to terrorist attack involving a plane with a lot of fuel loaded. Many of structural engineers will probably try to avoid being put to investigate this problem due to the magnitude of the issue. Yet, from my point of view, I saw the opportunity being part of the great team. I bet they weren’t looking for newbie with several years of experience.
I had a small project where the customer was not really sure what they needed and the job handed to me with not enough information to go forward. To add this up, there was a problem with previous similar project so that I didn’t know what was happening before. On the first day, I spent my time discussing a pre-sales job. Sitting down with customer, defining the expected outcome, and gathered more information. At the end of the day, job got done.
If I see myself on the current point of view, I surely have things to complain. Why should I done this while the first stage wasn’t properly executed. However, on the contrary, I was actually quite excited and fascinated to get the job done, whatever it takes. I see myself 5 years from now that I would be able to do whole package from pre-sales job, design, implement, testing, and creating documentation. That is the place I want to go. So, this is a no-surprise for me as the way I see this issue really depends on what I want to be in the future.
Another story to add up. I spent two hours driving to work. One hour in the morning and another one hour on the afternoon. Yesterday, on the way back home, I was caught on traffic for two hours. I was really excited to know this happening so that I can have my time to listen CCIE audio. It was a quick and intensive 2-hour and I finished my Switching audio.
We cannot change for anything that is happening to our lives, but we can choose what is going to happen to ourselves, how we react. We have the option. What we choose today defines what we will be in the future.
It is not what happens to you. It is what happens in you.